Conocarpus Tree the Marine-Medicinal Treasure of Southern Iran: A Review of Botani-cal, Phytochemical and Medicinal Properties

Conocarpus is a tree with two flowering species of Conocarpus lancifolius and Conocarpus erectus. It is commonly known as, it is commonly known as sycamore tree or white buttonwood mangrove in Iran. It durable and can withstand conditions such as extremely high temperatures, low drainage, pressurized soil, air pollution, and salty water. In the past, this tree was used to treat various diseases such as diabetes, conjunctivitis, gonorrhea, and other infectious diseases. Recent studies have shown the antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of various parts of Conocarpus including leaves, bark, stem, and fruit in laboratory and animal models. In addition, conocarpus is a natural purifier  and can be used to remove heavy metal contaminants and toxins from water, soil and air. As a biomarker, conocarpus can also be examined quantitatively and qualitatively for the amount of pollutants in different parts of the tree. To date, no scientific research has shown that conocarpus pollen is allergenic or immunogenic. In this botanological review article, the phytochemical and medicinal properties of this valuable tree in southern Iran was evaluated.